Venous Reflux Disease

Venous System Anatomy

Venous Anatomy

The veins in the lower limbs are classified into two systems:

Superficial Veins (including saphenous)
Deep Veins

The two systems are connected by perforating veins that pass through the deep fascia

Three factors influence the return of blood back to the heart:

Respiration - the movement of the diaphragm creates a negative pressure that assists the return of blood from the legs to the heart
Vein Valves - healthy valves close, preventing blood from refluxing or pooling
Calf Muscle Pump - action of the calf muscle helps to force blood upward

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